Most honey comes from Apis mellifera, the honeybee everyone pictures when they hear the word bee. Trigona biroi is a different genus entirely, a stingless bee native to the Philippines, locally called lukot. It cannot sting you, which sounds like a gimmick until you learn why it matters for the honey itself.
Honeybees store honey in wax combs sealed with a thin layer of propolis at the edges. Trigona bees do it differently. They build their storage pots from cerumen, a mix of wax and propolis, so the propolis sits inside honey for its entire life in the hive.
That’s the real reason it tastes different from the honey in your cupboard. It also explains the sourness. Trigona honey is naturally more acidic than regular honey, with a pH of 3.2 to 4.5, so the tang is a sign of the honey, not of spoilage. Its sugars are different too: 13 to 44% of them are trehalulose, a rare sugar with roughly a third of the glycaemic impact of table sugar. People expecting Manuka sweetness are often surprised by this on the first taste.
A single trigona bee hive holds around 100,000 workers, more than a typical honeybee colony, and yields only a fraction of what those bees produce in a year. That scarcity is not commercially attractive for most companies. For us, its medicinal properties and beautifully dynamic flavour profile is why we believe its important we bring these stingless bee products to as many as possible.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRIGONA HONEY AND MANUKA HONEY
All honey has some level of hydrogen peroxide produced by the honey’s enzymes which is antibacterial. These enzymes are however easily destroyed by exposure to heat, light, and by contact with body fluids. However there are some special honeys that have antibacterial properties separate from the peroxide effect, which results in a more constant and stable antibacterial action (non-peroxide activities).
MANUKA HONEY
Manuka honey is produced by the bee species apis mellifera, and its properties is derived from the active ingredient “methylglyoxal” in the manuka nectar. The active level of the manuka honey is dependent on the exclusivity of the bees’ visit to the manuka flower. The higher the manuka nectar content vs other flower nectar content, the higher the UMF. Hence every batch of honey needs to be certified by the UMF Honey Association.
TRIGONA HONEY
For trigona honey (tetragonula / melipona), the beauty lies in the hive’s pods (cerumen) which is made from both beeswax and plant resin (propolis). It is the propolis that gives trigona honey its antimicrobial properties. Hence regardless of the nectar source, the honey would naturally be infused with propolis - ensuring its consistent antibacterial properties.
Read the full comparison: stingless bee honey vs Manuka honey
Did you know that honey produced by the apis mellifera bee is one of the top 3 most fraudulent foods in the world?
Read more about adulteration and honey laundering.
ORGANICALLY FARMED
The apis mellifera (honeybee species commonly used in commercial bee farming) fall sick easily due to pest, infections and diseases. Hence the need to feed them with antibiotics and use miticides.
Trigona (Melipona) bees however, are much less susceptible to diseases and pest due to their extensive use of propolis - a natural germicide and pest repellent. Hence there is no need to use harmful pesticides or even antibiotics.
We also only choose to work with farms which are near natural forests, and far from towns and cities, landfills or other non-organic farms. This working relationship with nature ensures the purity of the honey that is not contaminated by pesticides or pollution.
SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING
At Anaya, we do not harvest the entire honey production but leave sufficient for the bees to consume while they continue to product more.
Furthermore as the Philippines is susceptible to frequent typhoons, these little bees and their precious hives can fall victim to nature, wiping out the intended harvest.
LIMITED PRODUCTION
Due to the small Trigona (Melipona) bee’s size, they are able to collect nectar from a larger variety of plants. However it also limits their flight radius to about 300-500 metres of the hive. Hence while commonly farmed European honey bees can produce around 30kg of honey a hive per year, these stingless honey bees produce only around 500g of honey a hive per year.
Furthermore as the Philippines is susceptible to frequent typhoons, these little bees and their precious hives can fall victim to nature, wiping out the intended harvest.